Presented as the most researched supplement in sports nutrition, with benefits extending beyond strength to cognition, bone density, mood, and neuroprotection — see Andy Galpin — Training & Metabolism System. Effects are chronic/modulatory rather than acute: it takes weeks of consistent use to show benefit, unlike fast-acting stimulants like caffeine that peak in ~30 minutes and fade in ~4 hours.
Dosing:
Side effects are minimal; the data on disease prevention/treatment are mixed (some show slight benefit, some none) but no research is cited showing downside.
Creatine monohydrate has the largest evidence base among creatine forms. Dose relative to body weight rather than a flat universal dose — roughly 3–10 g/day, with ~5g/day a common default. Timing is described as irrelevant: morning, night, or any convenient time works equally well.
Related: Strength vs. Hypertrophy Physiology